• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Sheeting (10) which carries images (I) that are viewable within limited angles of viewing from the front of the sheeting. The sheeting is prepared from retroreflective sheeting or from sheeting patterned after retroreflective sheeting, i.e., having a monolayer of microlenses like the monolayer of transparent microspheres 12 in retroreflective sheeting. A layer (18) of transparent material covers the back surface of the microlenses, and axial markings (20) are disposed at the back of the layer of transparent material. The markings are viewable from the front of the sheeting as an image.
    公开号:SU1314965A3
    申请号:SU843699949
    申请日:1984-02-06
    公开日:1987-05-30
    发明作者:Нейл Хокерт Эрик；Дэвид Оренстин Брус；Ян Брэдшоу Томас；Алан Боргесон Фрэнк
    申请人:Миннесота Майнинг Энд Мануфакчуринг Компани (Сша)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    113
    This invention relates to optical imaging tools that are visible only within limited viewing angles.
    The aim of the invention is to enhance the functionality of a sheet material with a directional image by providing opportunities not only for obtaining black-and-white, but also color images, as well as for obtaining images on a transparent background.
    Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5 show sections of a retroreflective sheet material manufactured in accordance with the invention; 2, a part of a sheet retroreflective material with a directional image.
    Sheet retroreflective material 1 includes a layer of transparent polymeric material 2, a monolayer of transparent microspheres 3 embedded in a layer of transparent polymeric material 2 so that all the microspheres are between the front surface 4 and the rear surface 5 of layer 2, a thin layer of specularly reflective material 6, for example, a layer of aluminum or chemically deposited silver formed by evaporation, covering the back surface 5 of a layer of transparent polymeric material 2, and a layer of adhesive material 7 providing heat of sheet retroreflective material with a directional image on the substrate and CITTING from mechanical damage of the specular reflector layer 6. The layer of transparent polymeric material 2 consists of three layers: layer 8, in which the front surfaces of the microspheres are embedded, layer of separating material 9, covering the back surfaces of microspheres and repeating the shape of the back surfaces of the microspheres; and the front layer 10, which protects the retroreflective material from weathering and mechanical damage. I
    In the specularly reflecting layer 6, behind certain microspheres 3 arranged according to the desired image, there are small axial holes (windows) I1, formed by removing the material of layer 6 at the corresponding points. Axial holes 11 in the layer of mirror-reflection5
    five
    9652
    The binding material 6 is located behind the microspheres 3 on the lines passing through the optical centers of the microspheres at an angle about the surface of the sheet retroreflective material. For the sake of simplicity, the refraction of light in the material is not indicated in the figures and, moreover, it is assumed that the light is directed towards
    sheet retroreflective material along line 12 at an angle of b6.
    When examining a sheet of retroreflective material with a directional image from its front side at an angle or in the direction of line 12 in the case of diffuse illumination or illumination on the back side of the material, the axial apertures 11 are located on lines
     passing from the observation point through the optical centers of the microspheres 3. All of the holes 11 are visible at the same time and form a distinct pattern or image about.
    The proposed sheet retroreflective material with a directional image, when viewed at an angle oi, even in the case of diffused illumination, creates a very significant retroreflective effect. Part of the scattered light incident on the retroreflective material from the observer side is reflected back, but retroreflexion is weakened in those points of the specularly reflecting layer where axial holes 11 are located. Such weakening of retroreflection is perceived by the eyes as a darkened image, while at angles Other than the angle of the angle, in those places where there are no holes in the layer of the specularly reflecting material 6, the retroreflective sheet material is perceived by the observer as bright. light on the surface. At different viewing angles, different from the "l" angle, and in the background areas, at the viewing angles about sheet retroreflective matter 1, in the case of scattered illumination, has a whitish appearance, and when illuminated with directional light at an angle of from layers 17, 18 and 19 of a transparent dye, the material becomes the corresponding color).
    When observing sheet retroreflective material at an angle oi or at angles close to the angle about
    0
    45
    50
    The radiation I formed by the axial holes 11 is perceived as dark areas.
    The range of angles at which the darkened image cx can be observed on the sheet retroreflective material 1 depends on the diameter of the axial holes 11. In the general case, when the diameter of the microspheres is 50-100 microns, the axial holes 11 should have a diameter of about 3-5 microns. By changing the range of viewing angles on a sheet of retroreflective material, the diameter of the axial holes 11 should be changed accordingly. In most cases, the axial orifices I1 are circular, however, if required, they can be oblong or some other shape, which is achieved by rotating the laser beam within certain limits so that each microsphere is irradiated with two or more pulses at different angles, thanks to in which the holes 11 in the layer of specularly reflecting material are obtained oblong, since each of them is formed from two partially overlapping axial holes. Thus, each oblong hole, like the holes of another shape, can be considered as some series of round axial holes.
    Figure 2 shows the section of the axial hole 11 in the separation layer of the polymer material 9, obtained using a laser beam. Along the edge of the axial hole 11 in the layer of polymeric material 9 as a result of the material melting, an annular protrusion 9c | is formed. Similarly, when an axial hole is formed in the layer of specularly reflective material 6, part of the material is removed and an annular protrusion 6a is formed around the hole. During the subsequent melting of the material of the layer 6, the annular protrusion 6a smoothes and the material partially returns to the hole.
    Fig. 3 shows a second version of the production of sheet material, in which sheet retroreflective material, similar to that shown in Fig. 1, is modified by the introduction of a dye, by which image I is colored. In the manufacture of sheet retroreflective material 13 shown in FIG. 3, a layer of colored material 15 was applied to the layer of specularly reflective material 14, which was then impregnated into the layer of separating material 16 in areas I5q surrounding the axial holes 17 in the specularly reflecting layer material 14. In another embodiment, the colored material may be embedded between the layer of separation material 16 and the layer of specularly reflective material, or it may simply fill the axial aperture 17. Other effects could They were obtained first by introducing the dye into the layer of separating material (by dissolving or mixing with the material of the separating layer), followed by applying a layer of material without the dye, and secondly, in order to achieve retroreflectivity of the material when viewed in the axes of the axial holes 17 the first layer of specularly reflective material 14 may be applied a second layer of specularly reflective material 18.
    When examining sheet retroreflective material 13 from the front side at any observation angle between the lines 19 and 20, the directional image on it has a color corresponding to the dye material 14 introduced into the layer of coating material 14 (if the colored coating material fills only the axial holes 17 image viewing angles are very narrow). Color directional images on a retroreflective sheet material are obtained most vigorously under the conditions of retroreflection, when the light incident on the material from the source is reflected in the opposite direction by a layer of specularly reflective material located behind the 15q colored areas. It should be noted that the colored image on the retroreflective sheet material can also be observed in the case of diffuse illumination of the material, when, as was indicated above, the effects of retroreflectivity are less pronounced. When observing a directional image on a sheet of retroreflective material along lines that coincide with the axes of holes 17, in the absence of a layer of specularly reflective material
    513
    18, the color of the image is weak or absent. With a specularly reflective layer 18, image I can be observed from any point between lines 19 and 20.
    Various organic solvent based dyes and other coating materials can be used to color the layers of organic material 16. The degree of migration of the dye and, therefore, the width of the viewing angle range of the directional image between lines 19 and 20 can be changed by appropriately changing the viscosity of the coating material, removing the layer 15, such as wiping after a certain period of time, during which the coating material migrates through the holes 17, by reapplying the coating material, by heating and other suitable methods.
    Figure 4 shows another version of the proposed sheet retroreflective material 21 with a directional image in which behind each microsphere in the image field I there are two axial holes 23 in the layer of specularly reflecting material 22. These holes are formed during processing sheet retroreflective material 21 by a laser beam according to a certain pattern of beam movement over the material surface or using a mask at two different beam tilt angles. When viewed from various points, the sheet retroreflective material 21 is perceived as a whitish surface or as a painted surface if a transparent dye is introduced into the material on its back surface or if a transparent dye is introduced into the material; corresponding to the angles of inclination of lines 24 and 25, a darkened (or black) image can be seen on the surface of the material. I
    Figure 5 shows another one of the options for making retro sheet reflective material with a directional image, in which several directional images of different colors are formed. On sheet retroreflective material 26 image
    The first image 1 was composed, consisting of the first group of axial holes 27 in the first layer of specularly reflecting material 28 using coloring composition 29 penetrating the layer of separating material 30 in zones 29a around the openings 27. Above the first layer of specularly reflecting material 28 and
    o a layer of coloring composition 29 applied a second layer of mirror-reflecting material 31, in which a laser. the beam at a different angle of inclination formed a multitude of axial openings 32, constituting the second directional image 1. The axial holes 32 pass through the first layer of specularly reflective material 28, through the layer of dye composition
    0 29 and through the second layer of specularly reflecting material 31. On the second layer of specularly reflecting material 31 a second layer of dye composition 33 is applied, which penetrates through
     holes 32 in the zone ZZa. A third layer of mirror-reflecting material 34 is applied over the layer of the dyeing composition 33. When considering sheet retroreflective material 26 s
    50 by two directional images 1 and 1 in the direction of line 35, the observer sees the image I, whose color corresponds to the color of the color composition layer 29, and in the direction
    35, line 36 is the second image 1, the color of which is determined by the color of the dye layer 33.
    40 Although, in order to obtain an image on a sheet of retroreflective material in accordance with the invention, a thin layer of a masking material penetrated by laser radiation is generally used, it is not necessary to maintain this layer upon completion of the image forming operation. For example, after inserting
    50 of the masking material through the axial holes of the coloring coating composition, a layer of masking material can be removed using etching solutions while maintaining the scientific research institute marks formed by the coloring material under the masking layer. In this way, it is possible to produce a transparent sheet retroreflective material with a directional image. 71314965
    This can be used to make transparent covers.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. A sheet of directional image containing a monolayer of transparent microspheres, a transparent layer covering at least the back surfaces of the microspheres, adopting the shape of the back surface of the transparent layer repeats the shape of the back surface of the monolayer of transparent microspheres, and forming the image means located on the back surface transparent layer, which is based on the fact that, in order to extend the functionality, the image forming means are made in the form of at least one group of discrete etok, wherein one group of discrete labels arranged at Nachod schimis in image Q kpocfepami zone and lie on straight, extending through the centers of the corresponding microsphere and parallel to each other or converging at a common point.
    [2]
    2. The material according to claim 1, distinguishing between u and i with the fact that it contains two groups of discrete labels, while the discrete labels of different groups lie on the straight, passing through the centers of the corresponding microspheres and non-parallel to each other and converging at different points .
    [3]
    3. The material according to claims 1 and 2, which is based on the fact that discrete
    eight
    ten
    15
    the marks are made with marker material applied to limited areas of the back surface of the transparent layer.
    [4]
    4. Material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a coating is applied on the back surface of the transparent layer, and the discrete marks are made in the form of windows in this coating.
    [5]
    5. Material according to claim 4, characterized in that the coating is heavy. but scattering or absorbing, and the windows are covered with a mirror-reflecting layer.
    [6]
    6 ,, The material according to claim 4, characterized in that the coating is made mirror-reflecting.
    [7]
    7. Material according to claims 4-6, characterized in that marker material is inserted in the windows.
    [8]
    8. The material according to claim 6, characterized in that the marker material is introduced into the windows and they are covered with a mirror-reflective layer.
    [9]
    9. The material according to claim 3, characterized in that the discrete labels corresponding to different groups are made with marker materials of different colors.
    [10]
    10. Material according to claims 7-8, characterized in that the windows corresponding to the discrete marks of different groups are entered with marker materials of different colors.
    [11]
    11. The material according to claims 1-3, of which is 35 which is
    transparent and designed with the ability to use as a cover for documents.
    20
    25
    thirty
    fSflr G5a P
    15 17 15a
    18/16
    Fig.Z
    Editor Y. Sereda
    v
    Fik.5 2
    Compiled by N. Bogdanov
    Tehred H.rnyuietiKo Corrector I. Erdeyi
    Order 2225/59 Circulation 522Subscription
    VNIIGSH State Union of the USSR
    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Design, 4.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/464,627|US4634220A|1983-02-07|1983-02-07|Directionally imaged sheeting|
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